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Invest in Equities before and after Retirement
Investing in equities over a long period is one of the best ways to stay ahead of inflation. The popular indicator for the performance of equities in India is the BSE sensex. In about 35 years, the sensex has delivered a compounded annual return of about 17%, from 100 in 1979 to over 28,000 now.
Every investor has two phases in his / her financial life: the accumulation phase and the distribution phase. During the accumulation phase, he / she saves part of his / her earnings and invests the same for accumulating a corpus for the retirement years, that is the distribution phase when the income from such corpus (and at times partly principal too, if enough accumulation wasn't done) is used for expenses. The traditional theory is that one may invest in an equity oriented portfolio in the accumulation years, but should make the portfolio debt oriented as one reaches retirement, to avoid volatility in investments in non-earning years.
My belief is that prior to retirement, as close to 100% of the long term investments should be in equities as one can emotionally withstand volatility. After retirement too, as close to 100% of the long term investments should be in equities as one can emotionally withstand volatility.
If one starts early in the accumulation phase and maintains investments in equities for long period of time, due to the power of compounding one is able to accumulate such a large corpus by the time one retires, that the annual requirement for expenses is only a fraction of the portfolio or of the expected annual returns. As a result, even if one is withdrawing in periods when the equities are not doing well, the withdrawal is only a small percentage of the corpus.
Let's analyze the above with the help of an example. Say Astha, 25, and her husband together earn Rs 6 lakh a year post taxes, and expect their income to grow at 10% per year.
They spend 50% of their income, another 25% goes towards EMIs etc for asset purchases and the remaining 25% is allocated in equities for their retirement, which is around 35 years away. If they were to invest this 25% in equities and stay invested till retirement, it could accumulate to approx Rs 50 crore (at 17% compound per year) and the annual expenses (growing at 7% compounded annually for inflation) reach approx Rs 30 lakh which is only 0.60% of their corpus which is Rs 50 crore. The couple can then afford to stay put in equities during their retirement years and keep withdrawing the annual expenses from equities. In this distribution phase, there might be some years which may be bad for equities, and she may be constrained to withdraw, when the equities are down. Since withdrawals would be only a small percentage of the total corpus, it would not hurt.
To retire comfortably, one should start saving early, save more, embrace equity and stay put through market cycles. And if you invest in good equity funds which deliver better returns than the sensex, that's the icing on the cake.
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