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Low Free Float Stocks
The stocks with low institutional holding and reasonable valuations can be rewarding for investors.
When a company issues shares, not all of them are made available to the public for trading. A big chunk is typically held by the promoters or the government, which is not open to public trading. The portion of shares that is publicly traded is referred to as the `free float' or `public float' of the company. Traditionally, promoters of Indian companies have been wary of sharing their prized asset with public. In fact, the free-float capitalisation of Indian firms is among the lowest in both the developed and emerging markets. Many companies are managed by families, which prefer to exert control by way of a higher level of ownership in the firm. While this leaves very little in the hands of the small investor, careful stock selection can help them benefit from companies with a low free float, or limited number of actively traded shares.
Rewarding option
Low free-float stocks can be a good investment bet because their prices can move up quickly. If such a stock attracts the attention of even a few investors, the demand supply mismatch can push up its price. The low free-float stocks tend to have lesser liquidity, which can result in a possible mispricing of the stock. Investors with a low ticket size can capitalise on this mispricing
Besides, low-float companies are prime candidates for de-listing. If the company does not follow the rule of a minimum public shareholding of 25%--as prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India --it is likely to buy back its shares at a premium to the existing price and de-list from the exchanges. This can yield a windfall for the investor.
However, experts flag some issues related to low free-float stocks. There are very few that are good for investment. Typically, shares with a higher float are associated with better governance since the promoter has lesser influence and other shareholders have more power to exercise their rights. The stocks with a low public float are open to the promoters' whims. The promoters who hold their stocks closely for the purpose of exercising control over the company find it easy to manipulate the stock price for their gain.
Free-float shares are held by domestic and foreign financial institutions, corporate entities, high net worth individuals and retail investors. In several cases, institutions hold a sizeable chunk of the float. If institutions hold more than 80% of the company's public float, it leaves little room for further play. This could expose the stock to a risk of price drop. Retail investors can consider stocks where institutional holding is still a small portion of the overall public float. Some low-float stocks with a comparatively lower institutional holding include Berger Paints, Godrej Industries, Oracle Financial Services, Emami, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Bosch and Pidilite Industries.
Investors also need to be wary of the valuations of low-float stocks, say experts. Due to the low supply, stock prices can rise high and valuations can become stretched. If institutions are already holding 80-90% of the free float, it is likely that valuations will be on the higher side. Low-float stocks also tend to be volatile. The faster they rise, the sharper the likelihood of their fall, and the smaller the float, the higher the risk of volatility.
So, be careful before you opt for such stocks. Though low float stocks can be rewarding, investors should not assign more than 10% of their portfolio to these stocks
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