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A health policy at a reasonable rate, no medical check-up and coverage of pre-existing illness is something everybody would love. This perfect blend is available for individuals mostly up to 40 years. However, from there on, it starts getting difficult to buy or even renew a health cover at a reasonable rate. Here is where group health covers come into play. The most common type of group health insurance is the one issued by employers to employees. This group insurance typically would cover the employee, spouse, children (usually up to 21 years) and dependent parents. However, not all employers offer health cover. That is where group insurance covers, which are offered by trusts, brokerages, healthcare companies, banks come into the picture.
How These Policies Work?
The nature of this product is very similar to the group cover issued by employers. A master policy is issued under which all the individuals are covered in the group.
So the set of terms and conditions, inclusions and exclusions of that particular policy is applicable to the entire group. Other finer terms and conditions are not standardised across group covers offered by insurers.
There is a lot of customisation that goes into these policies. This customisation is worked out by the intermediary (seller of the cover) and the insurance company based on the requirement of the customers and financial viability of the product. Certain amount of customisation happens. The waiting period might get reduced, some deductibles get modified. All these variations are worked out as far as the brokers are able to raise a certain amount of premium.
For instance, Karvy Stock Broking in association with National Insurance offered a National Health Plan. This policy covered pre-existing diseases from the first day of coverage. Another group cover offered by RB Hospitality and Health Services in association with New India Assurance also offers a policy that covers pre-existing diseases, but only after the first year.
Similarly, the exclusions can also vary from policy to policy. The Karvy National Insurance Health Plan does not cover chemotherapy and radiotherapy (for treating cancer) and dialysis (for kidney). On the other hand, the Oriental Bank of Commerce (Oriental Health Plan) has a waiting period for every illness. Hypertension and diabetes are covered after two years, polycystic ovarian diseases after one year and joint replacement after three years.
ADVANTAGES
Lower cost
Group insurance covers are up to 30% cheaper than individual health covers.
If a bank has two million customers, it will negotiate on the best premium to allow the insurer access to those customers. On the other hand, it also has a pull effect as the bank may be able to secure more customers by offering a medical policy at a 'reasonable' rate. If I have a mother who is 65 years old and I am unable to buy a health policy, I will open a bank account and buy this policy for her.
No medical check-ups
Any individual medical policy usually requires a medical check-up for individuals over 45 years before the purchase of the policy. However, this condition is waived off in a group health policy. However, individuals may be asked to sign a declaration form if any policy has a waiting period for any specific illnesses.
DISADVANTAGES
Leaving the group
A brokerage or a trust may have offered a group health cover because of the memberships. If you terminate the membership or even the intermediary and the insurer snaps the partnership, the cover will cease to exist. It is very similar to leaving a job. If you quit the organisation, the group cover may come to an end. Similarly, the intermediary may switch to another insurer because of a better incentive. In such a case, the features of the new product may not suit your requirement and you will lose out on the insurance benefit.
Discontinuity of the product
If you have a group insurance policy with a bank and the policy is terminated, you will lose all the benefits you have accumulated in the product. If you do not have another health policy, you have to go through the medical check-up and the waiting period all over again in the new policy.
FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
A group cover can act as top-up plan
A group health cover cannot replace the individual health policy in your kitty. For any individual, it shouldn't be a primary policy as the continuity of the policy is a big question. "Moreover, there is no clarity if the guidelines on portability work on such group insurance policies. Hence you may not be able to shift to another group policy sold by the bank/or intermediary carrying over the existing benefits," says Meena Nair.
Look at the fine print
There may be restrictions such as claims below certain amount may not be covered, specific type of ailments may not be covered etc.
Viability of the group & the product
From an insurer's perspective, a group insurance product is financially viable only if there is some homogeneity in the group. For example, if an employer is selling a group mediclaim, there is likely to be some homogeneity in the group. The average age would be in the range of 25-40 years. But if a third-party brokerage or healthcare company forms a group, just to sell this product, this homogeneity is lost. A 70-year old individual and 25-year old cannot be put in the same insurance policy. There is no consistency in terms of the risk profile of the individuals. If the policy witnesses a high claim ratio, the policy could either be discontinued or witness a severe loading at the time of renewal.
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